Energy, marks and stakes, February 2014

The fight against the greenhouse effect and the legitimate pursuit in the development of least developed countries requires adapted energy policies. The last publication at the end of 2013 of the world figures on the energy by the International Energy Agency brings invaluable landmarks. The world demand for energy was 13, 1 Giga equivalent tons oil in 2011, for 12,7 Gt in 2010. That is a 3,1 % increase. For the record, the consumption was 6,1 Gt in 1973. The oil represents 31,5 % of the demand in energy (32,4 % in 2010). It remains majority, but in relative diminution. The coal, with 28,8 % (27,3 % in 2010), is the second source of energy, growing. The Gas 21,3 % (21,4 % in 2010), the third source of energy, is in light relative decrease.

For the electricity production, it is the coal which sees its part increasing most significantly. In volume, the electricity production with coal increases of + 5,1 % between 2010 and 2011 and represents by far the first world source of electricity by representing 45 % of the demand in electricity. Three other sources of electricity production are in the order, the gas, the hydraulics and nuclear power. The occasional energies, the wind turbine and solar, remain still marginal at the world level (less than 5 %). The well-balanced and clean mix, without CO2, of tomorrow relies on the convergence between a policy targeted by energy efficiency, competitive renewable energies, and safe and competitive nuclear power, with fossil energies to allow the transition of least developed countries economically and technologically.

The first six exporters and the first six importers of oil

	Import 2010 mt	Import 2011 mt	Export 2010 mt	Export 2011 mt	Prod 2010 mt	Prod 2010 %	Prod 2011 mt	Prod 2011 %
USA	513	500			346	8,6	387	9,3
China	235	251			203	5,1	206	5,0
Japan	181	177			*		*
India	164	172			*		*
Korea	119	125			*		*
Germany	93	90			*		*
Saudi Arabia			333	353	517	12,9	544	13,1
Russia			246	247	510	1,27	520	12,6
Iran			126	122	186	4,5	215	5,4
Nigeria			129	121	139	3,5	*
United Arab Emirates			105	114	149	3,7	163	3,9
Iraq			94	108	*		148	3,6
Total world	2053	2079	1962	1982	4011		4142

* Production lower than the tenth world producer

China increases significantly (+ 6,8 %) her demand of oil on the world market, the demand  which represents from now on half of that of the United States. The volume of import in oil of the United States, almost stable, remains upper to its own production volume which progresses significantly (+ 11,8 %). India takes off with difficulty by remaining very distant from China, for a population of similar size. Germany is the European country the most dependent on some oil.

Saudi Arabia remains by far the first oil exporter. Nigeria exports significantly with regard to its own needs. Iraq has just begun again to weigh.

Main importers and exporters of coal

	Import 2010 mt	Import 2011 mt	Export 2010 mt	Export 2011 mt	Prod 2010 mt	Prod 2010 %	Prod 2011 mt	Prod 2011 %
China	177	278			3576	45,9	3549	45,3
Japan	175	184			*		*
India	101	158			586	7,5	595	7,6
Korea	129	126			*		*
Taïwan	66	65			*		*
Germany	41	45			189	2,4	197	2,5
Indonesia			309	383	376	4,8	443	5,7
Australia			285	302	414	5,3	421	5,4
USA			85	106	1004	12,9	935	11,9
Russia			99	103	334	4,3	354	4,5
Colombia			76	82	*		*
South Africa			70	72	253	3,3	259	3,3
Total world	1002	1188	1041	1168	7783		7831

* Production lower than the tenth world producer

China, in spite of the fact that she is the first world producer of coal, is also the first importer of coal. With a stable production, China increases its volume of import to burn in the year more than 3,8 billion tons of coal.

The United States, the second producer of coal, burn a little less 800 million tons of coal, that is the fifth of what burns China. To them two, they burn 60 % of the coal, and thus emit so many CO2 in the atmosphere! .......

Germany increases and its production (4,2 %) and its imports of coal (9; 8 %) pure to face the progressive stop of nuclear power. (Strategic serious mistake!)

The first six importers and the exporters of gas

	Import 2010 mm3	Import 2011 mm3	Export 2010 mm3	Export 2011 mm3	Prod 2010 mm3	Prod 2010 %	Prod 2011 mm3	Prod 2011 %
Japan	116	122			*		*
Germany	68	70			*		*
Italy	70	68			*		*
Korea	47	48			*		*
Turkey	43	45			*		*
USA	55	43			651	19,2	681	19,8
Russia			196	185	677	20,0	656	19,1
Qatar			119	120	151	19,2	160	4,7
Norway			99	109	106	3,1	115	3,3
Canada			63	57	160	4,7	157	4,6
Algeria			49	48	*		*
Turkmenistan			29	37	*		*
Iran					149	4,4	158	4,6
China					103	3,1	107	3,1
Total World	834	827	834	829	3388		3435

* Production lower than the tenth world producer

The Japanese demand in gas increases (5, 2 %) after the accident of Fukushima and represents by far the first market of import. Germany, the second market of import at the world level, also sees its demand increasing with the slowing down of nuclear power in Germany. The United States remain importers of gas in spite of the fact that they became the first world producer of gas with shale gas.

Iran did not return on the world market of the gas yet, and China does not still call on to the world market. Russia decreases its relative presence on the world market, while remaining the first exporter.

Comments

[chris]

I totally agree with you Bernard! Yes, all the countries should work together to figure out how to deal with this.
And, yes Bernard, the development countries, we need helps...